Biomarkers of Pathological Dissociation

Abstract
Pathological dissociation is a severe, debilitating and transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom. This presentation aims to inform on biomarkers of pathological dissociation in a transdiagnostic manner in support of the precision medicine framework (part 1) and on the basis of a brain imaging study in individuals with DID (part 2).

In part 1 a systematic review will present a systematic review that includes a total of 205 unique studies. The terms ‘biomarker’ and ‘precision medicine’ will be explained. Studies that met inclusion criteria were divided into four biomarker categories, namely neuroimaging, psychobiological, psychophysiological and genetic biomarkers. Two tables per category were created, namely one to list the studies by biomarker measure and first author, and a second one listing the biomarker findings and the directionality of response. For every biomarker finding, e.g. the hippocampus, a counter was created to calculate the frequency of this biomarker finding across studies. Bar graphs were created on the basis of these counters. A biomarker finding that was most frequent was proposed as an important biomarker for pathological dissociation. The dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral superior frontal regions, (anterior) cingulate, posterior association areas and basal ganglia are identified as neurofunctional biomarkers of pathological dissociation and decreased hippocampal, basal ganglia and thalamic volumes as neurostructural biomarkers. Increased oxytocin and prolactin and decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are identified as psychobiological markers. Psychophysiological biomarkers, including blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance, were inconclusive. For the genetic biomarker category studies related to dissociation were limited and no clear directionality of effect was found to warrant identification of a genetic biomarker. Recommendations for future research pathways and possible clinical applicability are provided. 

Part 2 presents a novel study in individuals with DID and reveals a hippocampal subfield as neurostructural biomarker of dissociative amnesia.

Potential to Distress: No

Target Audience

Beginning/Introductory

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this webinar participants will be able to:

  • Define "Precision Medicine"
  • Explain a "Biomarker for pathological dissociation”
  • Describe what is proposed as neuroimaging, psychobiological, psychophysiological and genetic biomarkers of pathological dissociation
  • Recognize the current research possibilities and challenges
  • Discuss what a neurostructural biomarker of dissociative amnesia is for DID
Course summary
Available credit: 
  • 1.00 APA
    The International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation is approved by the American Psychological Association to sponsor continuing education for psychologists. The International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation maintains responsibility for this program and its content.
  • 1.00 ASWB ACE
    The International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (ISSTD), #1744, is approved to offer social work continuing education by the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) Approved Continuing Education (ACE) program. Organizations, not individual courses, are approved as ACE providers. State and provincial regulatory boards have the final authority to determine whether an individual course may be accepted for continuing education credit. ISSTD maintains responsibility for this course. ACE provider approval period: 08/20/2021 – 08/20/2024. Social workers completing this course receive 1.00 continuing education credits.
  • 1.00 ISSTD Certificate Program
    This program is eligible for 1.00 credits in the ISSTD Certificate Program.
Course opens: 
03/02/2023
Course expires: 
12/31/2050
ISSTD Member cost:
$35.00
Your Price:
$35.00
Rating: 
0

Presenter: Simone Reinders, PhD
Presenter Biography: Dr A.A.T. Simone Reinders is a leading neuroscientist and international expert in the neurobiology of trauma-related dissociation and the brain imaging correlates of dissociative identity disorder disorder (DID). Simone studied Applied Physics and Artificial Intelligence and obtained her doctorate in Medical Sciences with the highest Dutch distinction Cum Laude at the University of Groningen, Netherlands. She received the most prestigious grant for young investigators, only awarded to the top 5% most promising researchers in the Netherlands, which allowed her to successfully lead a multi-centre neuroimaging project. Simone’s pioneering research showed identity-state-dependent blood-flow patters in the brain of individuals with DID. Follow-up research showed that these patterns cannot be simulated and that DID and PTSD share trauma-related neurobiomarkers. This significantly advanced understanding of brain function and structural brain abnormalities in DID. Simone has an H-index of 23 and is currently working as a Senior Research associate at the IoPPN of King’s College London, UK. Her most recent work addresses DID-dismissive perspectives using brain imaging[1] and a review of 205 studies identified biomarkers of pathological dissociation in a transdiagnostic manner[2]. Simone is Chair of the ENIGMA-Dissociation Working Group and Lead Trustee for the Clinic of Dissociative Studies' Academic Programme. Her work has been honoured with multiple awards from the ISSTD, including a Morton Prince Award for Scientific Achievement in 2017. 

Presenter: Lora Dimitrova, MSC, AKC
Presenter Biography: Lora Dimitrova is a PhD student affiliated with both King’s College London (UK) and the VU University Amsterdam (NL). For her thesis she is interested in the aetiology of dissociative identity disorder and in the neurofunctional and neurostructural biomarkers of pathological dissociation and traumatization. Lora completed her bachelor’s degree in Psychology at Kingston University with a distinction. She completed her master’s in Mental Health Studies at King’s College London under the supervision of Dr A A T S Reinders and received a distinction as well. As part of her PhD Lora has published her first paper “Sleep, trauma, fantasy and cognition in dissociative identity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and healthy controls: a replication and extension study” in the European Journal of Psychotraumatology (2020). She is currently also working as a research assistant at Tavistock Relationships.

Available Credit

  • 1.00 APA
    The International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation is approved by the American Psychological Association to sponsor continuing education for psychologists. The International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation maintains responsibility for this program and its content.
  • 1.00 ASWB ACE
    The International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (ISSTD), #1744, is approved to offer social work continuing education by the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) Approved Continuing Education (ACE) program. Organizations, not individual courses, are approved as ACE providers. State and provincial regulatory boards have the final authority to determine whether an individual course may be accepted for continuing education credit. ISSTD maintains responsibility for this course. ACE provider approval period: 08/20/2021 – 08/20/2024. Social workers completing this course receive 1.00 continuing education credits.
  • 1.00 ISSTD Certificate Program
    This program is eligible for 1.00 credits in the ISSTD Certificate Program.

Price

ISSTD Member cost:
$35.00
Your Price:
$35.00
Please login or register to take this course.

"Your Price" above reflects your final price based on your membership status and career level. 

  • ISSTD defines a student as those enrolled in a program of study leading to a degree or certification in the mental health field and who have an interest in trauma and dissociation. 
  • ISSTD defines an emerging professional as mental health professionals who have completed an advanced degree and are in the first three years of their career (or first three years after graduation for researchers).
  • If you do not fall into one of the above categories please register as Professional/Retired. 

These prices are for Tier I countries. For a list of countries by Tier click here. If you are located in a country that falls into Tier II-VI please contact ISSTD at cfas@isst-d.org to receive the appropriate discount code.